Unit 2. Routes of Penetration of Pesticides in the Human Body.

This presentation is intended to give basic information about the danger of poisoning by pesticides, entering the human organism. This danger depends to a high degree on the routes of penetration. The physiological routes of entry include penetration by Ingestion, by Inhalation and By Dermal contact. The Ingestion of pesticides could happen in two circumstances: either by accidental ingestion of pesticides in nonstandard soft drinks, oil, wine, etc., or by consumption of recently sprayed fruits or vegetables. Presented are the general recommendations and a list of the basic prerequisites, in order to reduce the accidental and professional pesticide poisoning by ingestion. Presented are the cases of happening of Inhalation of pesticides: the penetration of fine powder preparations (wettable powder) in the respiratory system; or by inhalation of aerosol drops during spraying of water preparations of pesticides. Discussed are the cases of lethal poisoning by inhalation of fumigants. The third in order of presentation, but of leading toxicological importance is the Dermal route of penetration of pesticides into human body. Discussed are the three main cases of local dermal effects, as Skin Irritating Effect, Sensory Irritation Effect and Skin Sensitizing effect.